In the evolving landscape of environmental psychology, a field that explores the intricate connections between individuals and their surroundings, the significance of human experiences within diverse environments—whether natural, built, or virtual—has become increasingly evident. Over multiple decades, researchers have delved into the impacts of environments on individual health, primarily focusing on singular aspects such as human perception or specific physiological responses like heart rate or blood pressure. However, the broader, multi-dimensional effects of interacting with an environment on both physiological and psychological health received comparatively less attention.

Recognizing this historical trajectory, this special issue seeks to contribute to the ongoing evolution of environmental psychology. It focuses on leveraging virtual reality (VR) technology in conjunction with traditional research methodologies to deepen our understanding of the multifaceted impacts that various environmental stimuli can have on individuals. The integration of state-of-the-art technologies serves as a cornerstone, enabling researchers to measure the nuanced impacts of these interactions across VR settings, real-life environments, or a combination of both. This endeavor encompasses a comprehensive exploration of physiological responses and psychological states, embracing an array of outcomes derived from diverse theories, approaches, data collection methods, and techniques.

The studies featured in this special issue collectively contribute to a deeper understanding of how environmental stimuli influence key facets of human experience, including physiological responses, eye-movement patterns, stress levels, sleep quality, mood fluctuations, attention restoration, perception, and cognitive performance. By synthesizing insights gained from cutting-edge technologies with conventional research approaches, this special issue seeks to chart new territories in the exploration of the intricate interplay between individuals and their environment, fostering advancements in both theory and practical applications within the field of environmental psychology.